From 1c3ae60504d15236c1d8c1d3443012377c85d031 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Navan Chauhan Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 14:36:45 -0600 Subject: added phase 3 --- Content/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.md | 278 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- Resources/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png | Bin 0 -> 69063 bytes docs/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png | Bin 0 -> 69063 bytes docs/feed.rss | 274 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- docs/index.html | 4 +- docs/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.html | 278 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- docs/posts/index.html | 4 +- 7 files changed, 820 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Resources/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png create mode 100644 docs/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png diff --git a/Content/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.md b/Content/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.md index 4919f61..fdbf87c 100644 --- a/Content/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.md +++ b/Content/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.md @@ -1,15 +1,19 @@ --- date: 2023-10-04 13:12 -description: Introduction, Phase 1 and Phase 2 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2 +description: Introduction, Phases 1-3 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2 tags: gdb, reverse-engineering, c++, csci2400, assembly --- -# Bomb Lab +# Bomb Lab Phases 1 & 2 ## Introduction Lab 2 for CSCI 2400 - Computer Systems. +I like using objdump to disassemble the code and see a broad overview of what is happening. + +`objdump -d bomb > dis.txt` + ## Phase 1 ``` @@ -179,3 +183,273 @@ Breakpoint 1, 0x00005555555555eb in phase_2 () Continuing. That's number 2. Keep going! ``` + +## Phase 3 + +Let us look at the disassembled code first + +``` +0000000000001638 : + 1638: f3 0f 1e fa endbr64 + 163c: 48 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%rsp + 1640: 48 8d 4c 24 07 lea 0x7(%rsp),%rcx + 1645: 48 8d 54 24 0c lea 0xc(%rsp),%rdx + 164a: 4c 8d 44 24 08 lea 0x8(%rsp),%r8 + 164f: 48 8d 35 60 1b 00 00 lea 0x1b60(%rip),%rsi # 31b6 <_IO_stdin_used+0x1b6> + 1656: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax + 165b: e8 80 fc ff ff call 12e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt> + 1660: 83 f8 02 cmp $0x2,%eax + 1663: 7e 20 jle 1685 + 1665: 83 7c 24 0c 07 cmpl $0x7,0xc(%rsp) + 166a: 0f 87 0d 01 00 00 ja 177d + 1670: 8b 44 24 0c mov 0xc(%rsp),%eax + 1674: 48 8d 15 55 1b 00 00 lea 0x1b55(%rip),%rdx # 31d0 <_IO_stdin_used+0x1d0> + 167b: 48 63 04 82 movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax + 167f: 48 01 d0 add %rdx,%rax + 1682: 3e ff e0 notrack jmp *%rax + 1685: e8 c0 06 00 00 call 1d4a + 168a: eb d9 jmp 1665 + 168c: b8 63 00 00 00 mov $0x63,%eax + 1691: 81 7c 24 08 3d 02 00 cmpl $0x23d,0x8(%rsp) + 1698: 00 + 1699: 0f 84 e8 00 00 00 je 1787 + 169f: e8 a6 06 00 00 call 1d4a + 16a4: b8 63 00 00 00 mov $0x63,%eax + 16a9: e9 d9 00 00 00 jmp 1787 + 16ae: b8 61 00 00 00 mov $0x61,%eax + 16b3: 81 7c 24 08 27 01 00 cmpl $0x127,0x8(%rsp) + 16ba: 00 + 16bb: 0f 84 c6 00 00 00 je 1787 + 16c1: e8 84 06 00 00 call 1d4a + 16c6: b8 61 00 00 00 mov $0x61,%eax + 16cb: e9 b7 00 00 00 jmp 1787 + 16d0: b8 78 00 00 00 mov $0x78,%eax + 16d5: 81 7c 24 08 e7 02 00 cmpl $0x2e7,0x8(%rsp) + 16dc: 00 + 16dd: 0f 84 a4 00 00 00 je 1787 + 16e3: e8 62 06 00 00 call 1d4a + 16e8: b8 78 00 00 00 mov $0x78,%eax + 16ed: e9 95 00 00 00 jmp 1787 + 16f2: b8 64 00 00 00 mov $0x64,%eax + 16f7: 81 7c 24 08 80 02 00 cmpl $0x280,0x8(%rsp) + 16fe: 00 + 16ff: 0f 84 82 00 00 00 je 1787 + 1705: e8 40 06 00 00 call 1d4a + 170a: b8 64 00 00 00 mov $0x64,%eax + 170f: eb 76 jmp 1787 + 1711: b8 6d 00 00 00 mov $0x6d,%eax + 1716: 81 7c 24 08 ff 02 00 cmpl $0x2ff,0x8(%rsp) + 171d: 00 + 171e: 74 67 je 1787 + 1720: e8 25 06 00 00 call 1d4a + 1725: b8 6d 00 00 00 mov $0x6d,%eax + 172a: eb 5b jmp 1787 + 172c: b8 71 00 00 00 mov $0x71,%eax + 1731: 81 7c 24 08 75 03 00 cmpl $0x375,0x8(%rsp) + 1738: 00 + 1739: 74 4c je 1787 + 173b: e8 0a 06 00 00 call 1d4a + 1740: b8 71 00 00 00 mov $0x71,%eax + 1745: eb 40 jmp 1787 + 1747: b8 79 00 00 00 mov $0x79,%eax + 174c: 81 7c 24 08 94 02 00 cmpl $0x294,0x8(%rsp) + 1753: 00 + 1754: 74 31 je 1787 + 1756: e8 ef 05 00 00 call 1d4a + 175b: b8 79 00 00 00 mov $0x79,%eax + 1760: eb 25 jmp 1787 + 1762: b8 79 00 00 00 mov $0x79,%eax + 1767: 81 7c 24 08 88 02 00 cmpl $0x288,0x8(%rsp) + 176e: 00 + 176f: 74 16 je 1787 + 1771: e8 d4 05 00 00 call 1d4a + 1776: b8 79 00 00 00 mov $0x79,%eax + 177b: eb 0a jmp 1787 + 177d: e8 c8 05 00 00 call 1d4a + 1782: b8 68 00 00 00 mov $0x68,%eax + 1787: 38 44 24 07 cmp %al,0x7(%rsp) + 178b: 75 05 jne 1792 + 178d: 48 83 c4 18 add $0x18,%rsp + 1791: c3 ret + 1792: e8 b3 05 00 00 call 1d4a + 1797: eb f4 jmp 178d +``` + +``` +... + 165b: e8 80 fc ff ff call 12e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt> +... +``` + +We can see that `scanf` is being called which means we need to figure out what datatype(s) the program is expecting. + +Because I do not want to enter the solutions to phases 1 and 2 again and again, I am goig to pass a file which has these solutions. + +``` +jovyan@jupyter-nach6988:~/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb$ gdb -ex 'break phase_3' -ex 'break explode_bomb' -ex 'run' -args ./bomb sol.txt +GNU gdb (Ubuntu 12.1-0ubuntu1~22.04) 12.1 +Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later +This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. +There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. +Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details. +This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu". +Type "show configuration" for configuration details. +For bug reporting instructions, please see: +. +Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at: + . + +For help, type "help". +Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"... +Reading symbols from ./bomb... +Breakpoint 1 at 0x1638 +Breakpoint 2 at 0x1d4a +Starting program: /home/jovyan/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb/bomb sol.txt +[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] +Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1". +Welcome to my fiendish little bomb. You have 6 phases with +which to blow yourself up. Have a nice day! +Phase 1 defused. How about the next one? +That's number 2. Keep going! +random string + +Breakpoint 1, 0x0000555555555638 in phase_3 () +(gdb) disas +Dump of assembler code for function phase_3: +=> 0x0000555555555638 <+0>: endbr64 + 0x000055555555563c <+4>: sub $0x18,%rsp + 0x0000555555555640 <+8>: lea 0x7(%rsp),%rcx + 0x0000555555555645 <+13>: lea 0xc(%rsp),%rdx + 0x000055555555564a <+18>: lea 0x8(%rsp),%r8 + 0x000055555555564f <+23>: lea 0x1b60(%rip),%rsi # 0x5555555571b6 + 0x0000555555555656 <+30>: mov $0x0,%eax + 0x000055555555565b <+35>: call 0x5555555552e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt> + 0x0000555555555660 <+40>: cmp $0x2,%eax + 0x0000555555555663 <+43>: jle 0x555555555685 + 0x0000555555555665 <+45>: cmpl $0x7,0xc(%rsp) + 0x000055555555566a <+50>: ja 0x55555555577d + 0x0000555555555670 <+56>: mov 0xc(%rsp),%eax + 0x0000555555555674 <+60>: lea 0x1b55(%rip),%rdx # 0x5555555571d0 + 0x000055555555567b <+67>: movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax + 0x000055555555567f <+71>: add %rdx,%rax + 0x0000555555555682 <+74>: notrack jmp *%rax + 0x0000555555555685 <+77>: call 0x555555555d4a + 0x000055555555568a <+82>: jmp 0x555555555665 + 0x000055555555568c <+84>: mov $0x63,%eax + 0x0000555555555691 <+89>: cmpl $0x23d,0x8(%rsp) + 0x0000555555555699 <+97>: je 0x555555555787 + 0x000055555555569f <+103>: call 0x555555555d4a + 0x00005555555556a4 <+108>: mov $0x63,%eax + 0x00005555555556a9 <+113>: jmp 0x555555555787 +--Type for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging-- +``` + + +`gdb` has thankfully marked the address which is being passed to `scanf`. We can access the value: + +``` +(gdb) x/1s 0x5555555571b6 +0x5555555571b6: "%d %c %d" +(gdb) +``` + +BINGO! The program expects an integer, character, and another integer. Onwards. + +``` + 0x0000555555555660 <+40>: cmp $0x2,%eax + 0x0000555555555663 <+43>: jle 0x555555555685 +... + 0x0000555555555685 <+77>: call 0x555555555d4a +``` + +The program checks whether `scanf` returns a value <= 2, if it does then it calls the `explode_bomb` function. + +*Note: `scanf` returns the number of fields that were succesfully converted and assigned* + +``` + 0x0000555555555665 <+45>: cmpl $0x7,0xc(%rsp) + 0x000055555555566a <+50>: ja 0x55555555577d +... + 0x000055555555577d <+325>: call 0x555555555d4a +``` + +Similarly, the program checks and ensures the returned value is not > 7. + + +``` + 0x0000555555555670 <+56>: mov 0xc(%rsp),%eax + 0x0000555555555674 <+60>: lea 0x1b55(%rip),%rdx # 0x5555555571d0 + 0x000055555555567b <+67>: movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax + 0x000055555555567f <+71>: add %rdx,%rax + 0x0000555555555682 <+74>: notrack jmp *%rax + 0x0000555555555685 <+77>: call 0x555555555d4a +``` + +* `0x0000555555555670 <+56>: mov 0xc(%rsp),%eax` - Moves value located at `0xc` (12 in Decimal) bytes above the stack pointer to `%eax` register. +* `0x0000555555555674 <+60>: lea 0x1b55(%rip),%rdx # 0x5555555571d0` - This instruction calculates an effective address by adding `0x1b55` to the current instruction pointer (`%rip`). The result is stored in the `%rdx` register. +* `0x000055555555567b <+67>: movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax` + * `movslq` stands for "move with sign-extension from a 32-bit value to a 64-bit value." (if the 32-bit value is negative, the 64-bit result will have all its upper 32 bits set to 1; otherwise, they'll be set to 0). + * `(%rdx,%rax,4)` - First start with the value in the %rdx register, then add to it the value in the %rax register multiplied by 4. + * `%rax` - Destination Register +* `0x000055555555567f <+71>: add %rdx,%rax` - Adds base address in `%rdx` to the offset in `%rax` +* `0x0000555555555682 <+74>: notrack jmp *%rax` - Jumps to the address stored in `%rax` +* `0x0000555555555685 <+77>: call 0x555555555d4a ` - If we are unable to jump to the specified instruction, call `explode_bomb` + +Let us try to run the program again with a valid input for the first number and see what the program is computing for the address. + +I used the input: `3 c 123`. + +To check what is the computed address, we can switch to the asm layout by running `layout asm`, and then going through instructions `ni` or `si` until we reach the line `movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax` + +`%rax` should hold the value 3. + +``` +(gdb) print $rax +$1 = 3 +``` + +![Screenshot of GDB terminal depicting us checking the value of the instruction to be jumped to](/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png) + +We can see that this makes us jump to `` (Continue to step through the code by using `ni`) + +``` + 0x00005555555556f2 <+186>: mov $0x64,%eax + 0x00005555555556f7 <+191>: cmpl $0x280,0x8(%rsp) + 0x00005555555556ff <+199>: je 0x555555555787 + 0x0000555555555705 <+205>: call 0x555555555d4a +``` + +We see that `0x64` (Decimal 100) is being stored in `%eax`. Then, the program compares `0x280` (Decimal 640) with memory address `0x8` bytes above the stack pointer (`%rsp`). If the values are equal, then it jumps to ``, otherwise `explode_bomb` is called. + +``` + 0x0000555555555787 <+335>: cmp %al,0x7(%rsp) + 0x000055555555578b <+339>: jne 0x555555555792 + 0x000055555555578d <+341>: add $0x18,%rsp + 0x0000555555555791 <+345>: ret + 0x0000555555555792 <+346>: call 0x555555555d4a +``` + +Here, the program is comparing the value of our given character to the value stored in `%al` (lower 8 bits of `EAX`), and checks if they are not equal. + +Knowing that the character is stored at an offset of 7 bytes to `%rsp`, we can print and check the value by running: + +``` +(gdb) x/1cw $rsp+7 +c +(gdb) print $al +$1 = 100 +``` + +We can simply lookup the [ASCII table](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pattis/15-1XX/common/handouts/ascii.html), and see that 100 in decimal stands for the character `d`. Let us try this answer: + +``` +... +That's number 2. Keep going! +3 d 640 + +Breakpoint 1, 0x0000555555555638 in phase_3 () +(gdb) continue +Continuing. +Halfway there! +``` diff --git a/Resources/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png b/Resources/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b247a5b Binary files /dev/null and b/Resources/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png differ diff --git a/docs/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png b/docs/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b247a5b Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/assets/bomb-lab/phase-3.png differ diff --git a/docs/feed.rss b/docs/feed.rss index 8b5469b..c43a5b5 100644 --- a/docs/feed.rss +++ b/docs/feed.rss @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ Navan's Archive Rare Tips, Tricks and Posts https://web.navan.dev/en - Wed, 04 Oct 2023 13:16:44 -0000 - Wed, 04 Oct 2023 13:16:44 -0000 + Wed, 04 Oct 2023 14:36:29 -0000 + Wed, 04 Oct 2023 14:36:29 -0000 250 @@ -3212,19 +3212,23 @@ logger.info("rdkit-{} installation finished!".format(rdkit.__version__)) https://web.navan.dev/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.html - Bomb Lab + Bomb Lab Phases 1 & 2 - Introduction, Phase 1 and Phase 2 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2 + Introduction, Phases 1-3 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2 https://web.navan.dev/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.html Wed, 04 Oct 2023 13:12:00 -0000 - Bomb Lab + Bomb Lab Phases 1 & 2

Introduction

Lab 2 for CSCI 2400 - Computer Systems.

+

I like using objdump to disassemble the code and see a broad overview of what is happening.

+ +

objdump -d bomb > dis.txt

+

Phase 1

jovyan@jupyter-nach6988:~/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb$ gdb -ex 'break phase_1' -ex 'break explode_bomb' -ex 'run' ./bomb 
@@ -3384,6 +3388,266 @@ Breakpoint 1, 0x00005555555555eb in phase_2 ()
 Continuing.
 That's number 2.  Keep going!
+ +

Phase 3

+ +

Let us look at the disassembled code first

+ +
0000000000001638 <phase_3>:
+    1638:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64 
+    163c:   48 83 ec 18             sub    $0x18,%rsp
+    1640:   48 8d 4c 24 07          lea    0x7(%rsp),%rcx
+    1645:   48 8d 54 24 0c          lea    0xc(%rsp),%rdx
+    164a:   4c 8d 44 24 08          lea    0x8(%rsp),%r8
+    164f:   48 8d 35 60 1b 00 00    lea    0x1b60(%rip),%rsi        # 31b6 <_IO_stdin_used+0x1b6>
+    1656:   b8 00 00 00 00          mov    $0x0,%eax
+    165b:   e8 80 fc ff ff          call   12e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
+    1660:   83 f8 02                cmp    $0x2,%eax
+    1663:   7e 20                   jle    1685 <phase_3+0x4d>
+    1665:   83 7c 24 0c 07          cmpl   $0x7,0xc(%rsp)
+    166a:   0f 87 0d 01 00 00       ja     177d <phase_3+0x145>
+    1670:   8b 44 24 0c             mov    0xc(%rsp),%eax
+    1674:   48 8d 15 55 1b 00 00    lea    0x1b55(%rip),%rdx        # 31d0 <_IO_stdin_used+0x1d0>
+    167b:   48 63 04 82             movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax
+    167f:   48 01 d0                add    %rdx,%rax
+    1682:   3e ff e0                notrack jmp *%rax
+    1685:   e8 c0 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    168a:   eb d9                   jmp    1665 <phase_3+0x2d>
+    168c:   b8 63 00 00 00          mov    $0x63,%eax
+    1691:   81 7c 24 08 3d 02 00    cmpl   $0x23d,0x8(%rsp)
+    1698:   00 
+    1699:   0f 84 e8 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    169f:   e8 a6 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    16a4:   b8 63 00 00 00          mov    $0x63,%eax
+    16a9:   e9 d9 00 00 00          jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16ae:   b8 61 00 00 00          mov    $0x61,%eax
+    16b3:   81 7c 24 08 27 01 00    cmpl   $0x127,0x8(%rsp)
+    16ba:   00 
+    16bb:   0f 84 c6 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16c1:   e8 84 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    16c6:   b8 61 00 00 00          mov    $0x61,%eax
+    16cb:   e9 b7 00 00 00          jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16d0:   b8 78 00 00 00          mov    $0x78,%eax
+    16d5:   81 7c 24 08 e7 02 00    cmpl   $0x2e7,0x8(%rsp)
+    16dc:   00 
+    16dd:   0f 84 a4 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16e3:   e8 62 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    16e8:   b8 78 00 00 00          mov    $0x78,%eax
+    16ed:   e9 95 00 00 00          jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16f2:   b8 64 00 00 00          mov    $0x64,%eax
+    16f7:   81 7c 24 08 80 02 00    cmpl   $0x280,0x8(%rsp)
+    16fe:   00 
+    16ff:   0f 84 82 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1705:   e8 40 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    170a:   b8 64 00 00 00          mov    $0x64,%eax
+    170f:   eb 76                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1711:   b8 6d 00 00 00          mov    $0x6d,%eax
+    1716:   81 7c 24 08 ff 02 00    cmpl   $0x2ff,0x8(%rsp)
+    171d:   00 
+    171e:   74 67                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1720:   e8 25 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1725:   b8 6d 00 00 00          mov    $0x6d,%eax
+    172a:   eb 5b                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    172c:   b8 71 00 00 00          mov    $0x71,%eax
+    1731:   81 7c 24 08 75 03 00    cmpl   $0x375,0x8(%rsp)
+    1738:   00 
+    1739:   74 4c                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    173b:   e8 0a 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1740:   b8 71 00 00 00          mov    $0x71,%eax
+    1745:   eb 40                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1747:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    174c:   81 7c 24 08 94 02 00    cmpl   $0x294,0x8(%rsp)
+    1753:   00 
+    1754:   74 31                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1756:   e8 ef 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    175b:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    1760:   eb 25                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1762:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    1767:   81 7c 24 08 88 02 00    cmpl   $0x288,0x8(%rsp)
+    176e:   00 
+    176f:   74 16                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1771:   e8 d4 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1776:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    177b:   eb 0a                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    177d:   e8 c8 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1782:   b8 68 00 00 00          mov    $0x68,%eax
+    1787:   38 44 24 07             cmp    %al,0x7(%rsp)
+    178b:   75 05                   jne    1792 <phase_3+0x15a>
+    178d:   48 83 c4 18             add    $0x18,%rsp
+    1791:   c3                      ret    
+    1792:   e8 b3 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1797:   eb f4                   jmp    178d <phase_3+0x155>
+
+ +
...
+    165b:   e8 80 fc ff ff          call   12e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
+...
+
+ +

We can see that scanf is being called which means we need to figure out what datatype(s) the program is expecting.

+ +

Because I do not want to enter the solutions to phases 1 and 2 again and again, I am goig to pass a file which has these solutions.

+ +
jovyan@jupyter-nach6988:~/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb$ gdb -ex 'break phase_3' -ex 'break explode_bomb' -ex 'run' -args ./bomb sol.txt 
+GNU gdb (Ubuntu 12.1-0ubuntu1~22.04) 12.1
+Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
+This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
+Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
+For bug reporting instructions, please see:
+<https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
+Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
+    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
+
+For help, type "help".
+Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
+Reading symbols from ./bomb...
+Breakpoint 1 at 0x1638
+Breakpoint 2 at 0x1d4a
+Starting program: /home/jovyan/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb/bomb sol.txt
+[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
+Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
+Welcome to my fiendish little bomb. You have 6 phases with
+which to blow yourself up. Have a nice day!
+Phase 1 defused. How about the next one?
+That's number 2.  Keep going!
+random string
+
+Breakpoint 1, 0x0000555555555638 in phase_3 ()
+(gdb) disas
+Dump of assembler code for function phase_3:
+=> 0x0000555555555638 <+0>:     endbr64 
+   0x000055555555563c <+4>:     sub    $0x18,%rsp
+   0x0000555555555640 <+8>:     lea    0x7(%rsp),%rcx
+   0x0000555555555645 <+13>:    lea    0xc(%rsp),%rdx
+   0x000055555555564a <+18>:    lea    0x8(%rsp),%r8
+   0x000055555555564f <+23>:    lea    0x1b60(%rip),%rsi        # 0x5555555571b6
+   0x0000555555555656 <+30>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
+   0x000055555555565b <+35>:    call   0x5555555552e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
+   0x0000555555555660 <+40>:    cmp    $0x2,%eax
+   0x0000555555555663 <+43>:    jle    0x555555555685 <phase_3+77>
+   0x0000555555555665 <+45>:    cmpl   $0x7,0xc(%rsp)
+   0x000055555555566a <+50>:    ja     0x55555555577d <phase_3+325>
+   0x0000555555555670 <+56>:    mov    0xc(%rsp),%eax
+   0x0000555555555674 <+60>:    lea    0x1b55(%rip),%rdx        # 0x5555555571d0
+   0x000055555555567b <+67>:    movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax
+   0x000055555555567f <+71>:    add    %rdx,%rax
+   0x0000555555555682 <+74>:    notrack jmp *%rax
+   0x0000555555555685 <+77>:    call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+   0x000055555555568a <+82>:    jmp    0x555555555665 <phase_3+45>
+   0x000055555555568c <+84>:    mov    $0x63,%eax
+   0x0000555555555691 <+89>:    cmpl   $0x23d,0x8(%rsp)
+   0x0000555555555699 <+97>:    je     0x555555555787 <phase_3+335>
+   0x000055555555569f <+103>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+   0x00005555555556a4 <+108>:   mov    $0x63,%eax
+   0x00005555555556a9 <+113>:   jmp    0x555555555787 <phase_3+335>
+--Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
+
+ +

gdb has thankfully marked the address which is being passed to scanf. We can access the value:

+ +
(gdb) x/1s 0x5555555571b6
+0x5555555571b6: "%d %c %d"
+(gdb) 
+
+ +

BINGO! The program expects an integer, character, and another integer. Onwards.

+ +
   0x0000555555555660 <+40>:    cmp    $0x2,%eax
+   0x0000555555555663 <+43>:    jle    0x555555555685 <phase_3+77>
+...
+   0x0000555555555685 <+77>:    call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
+ +

The program checks whether scanf returns a value <= 2, if it does then it calls the explode_bomb function.

+ +

Note: scanf returns the number of fields that were succesfully converted and assigned

+ +
   0x0000555555555665 <+45>:    cmpl   $0x7,0xc(%rsp)
+   0x000055555555566a <+50>:    ja     0x55555555577d <phase_3+325>
+...
+   0x000055555555577d <+325>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
+ +

Similarly, the program checks and ensures the returned value is not > 7.

+ +
   0x0000555555555670 <+56>:    mov    0xc(%rsp),%eax
+   0x0000555555555674 <+60>:    lea    0x1b55(%rip),%rdx        # 0x5555555571d0
+   0x000055555555567b <+67>:    movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax
+   0x000055555555567f <+71>:    add    %rdx,%rax
+   0x0000555555555682 <+74>:    notrack jmp *%rax
+   0x0000555555555685 <+77>:    call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
+ +
    +
  • 0x0000555555555670 <+56>: mov 0xc(%rsp),%eax - Moves value located at 0xc (12 in Decimal) bytes above the stack pointer to %eax register.
    • +
  • 0x0000555555555674 <+60>: lea 0x1b55(%rip),%rdx # 0x5555555571d0 - This instruction calculates an effective address by adding 0x1b55 to the current instruction pointer (%rip). The result is stored in the %rdx register.
    • +
  • 0x000055555555567b <+67>: movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax +
      +
    • movslq stands for "move with sign-extension from a 32-bit value to a 64-bit value." (if the 32-bit value is negative, the 64-bit result will have all its upper 32 bits set to 1; otherwise, they'll be set to 0).
      • +
    • (%rdx,%rax,4) - First start with the value in the %rdx register, then add to it the value in the %rax register multiplied by 4.
      • +
    • %rax - Destination Register
      • +
    • +
  • 0x000055555555567f <+71>: add %rdx,%rax - Adds base address in %rdx to the offset in %rax
    • +
  • 0x0000555555555682 <+74>: notrack jmp *%rax - Jumps to the address stored in %rax
    • +
  • 0x0000555555555685 <+77>: call 0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb> - If we are unable to jump to the specified instruction, call explode_bomb
    • +
+ +

Let us try to run the program again with a valid input for the first number and see what the program is computing for the address.

+ +

I used the input: 3 c 123.

+ +

To check what is the computed address, we can switch to the asm layout by running layout asm, and then going through instructions ni or si until we reach the line movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax

+ +

%rax should hold the value 3.

+ +
(gdb) print $rax
+$1 = 3
+
+ +

Screenshot of GDB terminal depicting us checking the value of the instruction to be jumped to

+ +

We can see that this makes us jump to <phase_3+186> (Continue to step through the code by using ni)

+ +
   0x00005555555556f2 <+186>:   mov    $0x64,%eax
+   0x00005555555556f7 <+191>:   cmpl   $0x280,0x8(%rsp)
+   0x00005555555556ff <+199>:   je     0x555555555787 <phase_3+335>
+   0x0000555555555705 <+205>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
+ +

We see that 0x64 (Decimal 100) is being stored in %eax. Then, the program compares 0x280 (Decimal 640) with memory address 0x8 bytes above the stack pointer (%rsp). If the values are equal, then it jumps to <phase_3+335>, otherwise explode_bomb is called.

+ +
   0x0000555555555787 <+335>:   cmp    %al,0x7(%rsp)
+   0x000055555555578b <+339>:   jne    0x555555555792 <phase_3+346>
+   0x000055555555578d <+341>:   add    $0x18,%rsp
+   0x0000555555555791 <+345>:   ret    
+   0x0000555555555792 <+346>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
+ +

Here, the program is comparing the value of our given character to the value stored in %al (lower 8 bits of EAX), and checks if they are not equal.

+ +

Knowing that the character is stored at an offset of 7 bytes to %rsp, we can print and check the value by running:

+ +
(gdb) x/1cw $rsp+7
+c
+(gdb) print $al
+$1 = 100
+
+ +

We can simply lookup the ASCII table, and see that 100 in decimal stands for the character d. Let us try this answer:

+ +
...
+That's number 2.  Keep going!
+3 d 640
+
+Breakpoint 1, 0x0000555555555638 in phase_3 ()
+(gdb) continue
+Continuing.
+Halfway there!
+
]]> diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html index 364d637..33b6879 100644 --- a/docs/index.html +++ b/docs/index.html @@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
    -
  • Bomb Lab
    • +
  • Bomb Lab Phases 1 & 2
      • -
    • Introduction, Phase 1 and Phase 2 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2
      • +
    • Introduction, Phases 1-3 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2
    • Published On: 2023-10-04 13:12
    • Tags: diff --git a/docs/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.html b/docs/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.html index 4dfff05..6f2ef59 100644 --- a/docs/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.html +++ b/docs/posts/2023-10-04-bomb-lab.html @@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ - Bomb Lab + Bomb Lab Phases 1 & 2 - - - - - + + + + + @@ -54,12 +54,16 @@
      -

      Bomb Lab

      +

      Bomb Lab Phases 1 & 2

      Introduction

      Lab 2 for CSCI 2400 - Computer Systems.

      +

      I like using objdump to disassemble the code and see a broad overview of what is happening.

      + +

      objdump -d bomb > dis.txt

      +

      Phase 1

      jovyan@jupyter-nach6988:~/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb$ gdb -ex 'break phase_1' -ex 'break explode_bomb' -ex 'run' ./bomb 
@@ -218,6 +222,266 @@ Breakpoint 1, 0x00005555555555eb in phase_2 ()
 (gdb) continue
 Continuing.
 That's number 2.  Keep going!
+
      + +

      Phase 3

      + +

      Let us look at the disassembled code first

      + +
      0000000000001638 <phase_3>:
+    1638:   f3 0f 1e fa             endbr64 
+    163c:   48 83 ec 18             sub    $0x18,%rsp
+    1640:   48 8d 4c 24 07          lea    0x7(%rsp),%rcx
+    1645:   48 8d 54 24 0c          lea    0xc(%rsp),%rdx
+    164a:   4c 8d 44 24 08          lea    0x8(%rsp),%r8
+    164f:   48 8d 35 60 1b 00 00    lea    0x1b60(%rip),%rsi        # 31b6 <_IO_stdin_used+0x1b6>
+    1656:   b8 00 00 00 00          mov    $0x0,%eax
+    165b:   e8 80 fc ff ff          call   12e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
+    1660:   83 f8 02                cmp    $0x2,%eax
+    1663:   7e 20                   jle    1685 <phase_3+0x4d>
+    1665:   83 7c 24 0c 07          cmpl   $0x7,0xc(%rsp)
+    166a:   0f 87 0d 01 00 00       ja     177d <phase_3+0x145>
+    1670:   8b 44 24 0c             mov    0xc(%rsp),%eax
+    1674:   48 8d 15 55 1b 00 00    lea    0x1b55(%rip),%rdx        # 31d0 <_IO_stdin_used+0x1d0>
+    167b:   48 63 04 82             movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax
+    167f:   48 01 d0                add    %rdx,%rax
+    1682:   3e ff e0                notrack jmp *%rax
+    1685:   e8 c0 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    168a:   eb d9                   jmp    1665 <phase_3+0x2d>
+    168c:   b8 63 00 00 00          mov    $0x63,%eax
+    1691:   81 7c 24 08 3d 02 00    cmpl   $0x23d,0x8(%rsp)
+    1698:   00 
+    1699:   0f 84 e8 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    169f:   e8 a6 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    16a4:   b8 63 00 00 00          mov    $0x63,%eax
+    16a9:   e9 d9 00 00 00          jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16ae:   b8 61 00 00 00          mov    $0x61,%eax
+    16b3:   81 7c 24 08 27 01 00    cmpl   $0x127,0x8(%rsp)
+    16ba:   00 
+    16bb:   0f 84 c6 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16c1:   e8 84 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    16c6:   b8 61 00 00 00          mov    $0x61,%eax
+    16cb:   e9 b7 00 00 00          jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16d0:   b8 78 00 00 00          mov    $0x78,%eax
+    16d5:   81 7c 24 08 e7 02 00    cmpl   $0x2e7,0x8(%rsp)
+    16dc:   00 
+    16dd:   0f 84 a4 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16e3:   e8 62 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    16e8:   b8 78 00 00 00          mov    $0x78,%eax
+    16ed:   e9 95 00 00 00          jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    16f2:   b8 64 00 00 00          mov    $0x64,%eax
+    16f7:   81 7c 24 08 80 02 00    cmpl   $0x280,0x8(%rsp)
+    16fe:   00 
+    16ff:   0f 84 82 00 00 00       je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1705:   e8 40 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    170a:   b8 64 00 00 00          mov    $0x64,%eax
+    170f:   eb 76                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1711:   b8 6d 00 00 00          mov    $0x6d,%eax
+    1716:   81 7c 24 08 ff 02 00    cmpl   $0x2ff,0x8(%rsp)
+    171d:   00 
+    171e:   74 67                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1720:   e8 25 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1725:   b8 6d 00 00 00          mov    $0x6d,%eax
+    172a:   eb 5b                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    172c:   b8 71 00 00 00          mov    $0x71,%eax
+    1731:   81 7c 24 08 75 03 00    cmpl   $0x375,0x8(%rsp)
+    1738:   00 
+    1739:   74 4c                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    173b:   e8 0a 06 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1740:   b8 71 00 00 00          mov    $0x71,%eax
+    1745:   eb 40                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1747:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    174c:   81 7c 24 08 94 02 00    cmpl   $0x294,0x8(%rsp)
+    1753:   00 
+    1754:   74 31                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1756:   e8 ef 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    175b:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    1760:   eb 25                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1762:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    1767:   81 7c 24 08 88 02 00    cmpl   $0x288,0x8(%rsp)
+    176e:   00 
+    176f:   74 16                   je     1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    1771:   e8 d4 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1776:   b8 79 00 00 00          mov    $0x79,%eax
+    177b:   eb 0a                   jmp    1787 <phase_3+0x14f>
+    177d:   e8 c8 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1782:   b8 68 00 00 00          mov    $0x68,%eax
+    1787:   38 44 24 07             cmp    %al,0x7(%rsp)
+    178b:   75 05                   jne    1792 <phase_3+0x15a>
+    178d:   48 83 c4 18             add    $0x18,%rsp
+    1791:   c3                      ret    
+    1792:   e8 b3 05 00 00          call   1d4a <explode_bomb>
+    1797:   eb f4                   jmp    178d <phase_3+0x155>
+
      + +
      ...
+    165b:   e8 80 fc ff ff          call   12e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
+...
+
      + +

      We can see that scanf is being called which means we need to figure out what datatype(s) the program is expecting.

      + +

      Because I do not want to enter the solutions to phases 1 and 2 again and again, I am goig to pass a file which has these solutions.

      + +
      jovyan@jupyter-nach6988:~/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb$ gdb -ex 'break phase_3' -ex 'break explode_bomb' -ex 'run' -args ./bomb sol.txt 
+GNU gdb (Ubuntu 12.1-0ubuntu1~22.04) 12.1
+Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
+This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
+Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
+For bug reporting instructions, please see:
+<https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
+Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
+    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
+
+For help, type "help".
+Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
+Reading symbols from ./bomb...
+Breakpoint 1 at 0x1638
+Breakpoint 2 at 0x1d4a
+Starting program: /home/jovyan/lab2-bomblab-navanchauhan/bombbomb/bomb sol.txt
+[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
+Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
+Welcome to my fiendish little bomb. You have 6 phases with
+which to blow yourself up. Have a nice day!
+Phase 1 defused. How about the next one?
+That's number 2.  Keep going!
+random string
+
+Breakpoint 1, 0x0000555555555638 in phase_3 ()
+(gdb) disas
+Dump of assembler code for function phase_3:
+=> 0x0000555555555638 <+0>:     endbr64 
+   0x000055555555563c <+4>:     sub    $0x18,%rsp
+   0x0000555555555640 <+8>:     lea    0x7(%rsp),%rcx
+   0x0000555555555645 <+13>:    lea    0xc(%rsp),%rdx
+   0x000055555555564a <+18>:    lea    0x8(%rsp),%r8
+   0x000055555555564f <+23>:    lea    0x1b60(%rip),%rsi        # 0x5555555571b6
+   0x0000555555555656 <+30>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
+   0x000055555555565b <+35>:    call   0x5555555552e0 <__isoc99_sscanf@plt>
+   0x0000555555555660 <+40>:    cmp    $0x2,%eax
+   0x0000555555555663 <+43>:    jle    0x555555555685 <phase_3+77>
+   0x0000555555555665 <+45>:    cmpl   $0x7,0xc(%rsp)
+   0x000055555555566a <+50>:    ja     0x55555555577d <phase_3+325>
+   0x0000555555555670 <+56>:    mov    0xc(%rsp),%eax
+   0x0000555555555674 <+60>:    lea    0x1b55(%rip),%rdx        # 0x5555555571d0
+   0x000055555555567b <+67>:    movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax
+   0x000055555555567f <+71>:    add    %rdx,%rax
+   0x0000555555555682 <+74>:    notrack jmp *%rax
+   0x0000555555555685 <+77>:    call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+   0x000055555555568a <+82>:    jmp    0x555555555665 <phase_3+45>
+   0x000055555555568c <+84>:    mov    $0x63,%eax
+   0x0000555555555691 <+89>:    cmpl   $0x23d,0x8(%rsp)
+   0x0000555555555699 <+97>:    je     0x555555555787 <phase_3+335>
+   0x000055555555569f <+103>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+   0x00005555555556a4 <+108>:   mov    $0x63,%eax
+   0x00005555555556a9 <+113>:   jmp    0x555555555787 <phase_3+335>
+--Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
+
      + +

      gdb has thankfully marked the address which is being passed to scanf. We can access the value:

      + +
      (gdb) x/1s 0x5555555571b6
+0x5555555571b6: "%d %c %d"
+(gdb) 
+
      + +

      BINGO! The program expects an integer, character, and another integer. Onwards.

      + +
         0x0000555555555660 <+40>:    cmp    $0x2,%eax
+   0x0000555555555663 <+43>:    jle    0x555555555685 <phase_3+77>
+...
+   0x0000555555555685 <+77>:    call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
      + +

      The program checks whether scanf returns a value <= 2, if it does then it calls the explode_bomb function.

      + +

      Note: scanf returns the number of fields that were succesfully converted and assigned

      + +
         0x0000555555555665 <+45>:    cmpl   $0x7,0xc(%rsp)
+   0x000055555555566a <+50>:    ja     0x55555555577d <phase_3+325>
+...
+   0x000055555555577d <+325>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
      + +

      Similarly, the program checks and ensures the returned value is not > 7.

      + +
         0x0000555555555670 <+56>:    mov    0xc(%rsp),%eax
+   0x0000555555555674 <+60>:    lea    0x1b55(%rip),%rdx        # 0x5555555571d0
+   0x000055555555567b <+67>:    movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax
+   0x000055555555567f <+71>:    add    %rdx,%rax
+   0x0000555555555682 <+74>:    notrack jmp *%rax
+   0x0000555555555685 <+77>:    call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
      + +
        +
      • 0x0000555555555670 <+56>: mov 0xc(%rsp),%eax - Moves value located at 0xc (12 in Decimal) bytes above the stack pointer to %eax register.
        • +
      • 0x0000555555555674 <+60>: lea 0x1b55(%rip),%rdx # 0x5555555571d0 - This instruction calculates an effective address by adding 0x1b55 to the current instruction pointer (%rip). The result is stored in the %rdx register.
        • +
      • 0x000055555555567b <+67>: movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax +
          +
        • movslq stands for "move with sign-extension from a 32-bit value to a 64-bit value." (if the 32-bit value is negative, the 64-bit result will have all its upper 32 bits set to 1; otherwise, they'll be set to 0).
          • +
        • (%rdx,%rax,4) - First start with the value in the %rdx register, then add to it the value in the %rax register multiplied by 4.
          • +
        • %rax - Destination Register
          • +
        • +
      • 0x000055555555567f <+71>: add %rdx,%rax - Adds base address in %rdx to the offset in %rax
        • +
      • 0x0000555555555682 <+74>: notrack jmp *%rax - Jumps to the address stored in %rax
        • +
      • 0x0000555555555685 <+77>: call 0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb> - If we are unable to jump to the specified instruction, call explode_bomb
        • +
      + +

      Let us try to run the program again with a valid input for the first number and see what the program is computing for the address.

      + +

      I used the input: 3 c 123.

      + +

      To check what is the computed address, we can switch to the asm layout by running layout asm, and then going through instructions ni or si until we reach the line movslq (%rdx,%rax,4),%rax

      + +

      %rax should hold the value 3.

      + +
      (gdb) print $rax
+$1 = 3
+
      + +

      Screenshot of GDB terminal depicting us checking the value of the instruction to be jumped to

      + +

      We can see that this makes us jump to <phase_3+186> (Continue to step through the code by using ni)

      + +
         0x00005555555556f2 <+186>:   mov    $0x64,%eax
+   0x00005555555556f7 <+191>:   cmpl   $0x280,0x8(%rsp)
+   0x00005555555556ff <+199>:   je     0x555555555787 <phase_3+335>
+   0x0000555555555705 <+205>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
      + +

      We see that 0x64 (Decimal 100) is being stored in %eax. Then, the program compares 0x280 (Decimal 640) with memory address 0x8 bytes above the stack pointer (%rsp). If the values are equal, then it jumps to <phase_3+335>, otherwise explode_bomb is called.

      + +
         0x0000555555555787 <+335>:   cmp    %al,0x7(%rsp)
+   0x000055555555578b <+339>:   jne    0x555555555792 <phase_3+346>
+   0x000055555555578d <+341>:   add    $0x18,%rsp
+   0x0000555555555791 <+345>:   ret    
+   0x0000555555555792 <+346>:   call   0x555555555d4a <explode_bomb>
+
      + +

      Here, the program is comparing the value of our given character to the value stored in %al (lower 8 bits of EAX), and checks if they are not equal.

      + +

      Knowing that the character is stored at an offset of 7 bytes to %rsp, we can print and check the value by running:

      + +
      (gdb) x/1cw $rsp+7
+c
+(gdb) print $al
+$1 = 100
+
      + +

      We can simply lookup the ASCII table, and see that 100 in decimal stands for the character d. Let us try this answer:

      + +
      ...
+That's number 2.  Keep going!
+3 d 640
+
+Breakpoint 1, 0x0000555555555638 in phase_3 ()
+(gdb) continue
+Continuing.
+Halfway there!
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      diff --git a/docs/posts/index.html b/docs/posts/index.html index 3898f25..e24bc07 100644 --- a/docs/posts/index.html +++ b/docs/posts/index.html @@ -62,9 +62,9 @@
        -
      • Bomb Lab
        • +
      • Bomb Lab Phases 1 & 2
          • -
        • Introduction, Phase 1 and Phase 2 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2
          • +
        • Introduction, Phases 1-3 of Bomb Lab for CSCI 2400 Lab - 2
        • Published On: 2023-10-04 13:12
        • Tags: -- cgit v1.2.3